Skip to content

Recording Calculators

Sample rate, bit depth, file size, headroom, gain staging and recording time calculators.

8 free calculators in Recording

Digital Recording Fundamentals

Digital audio recording converts analogue sound into a stream of numbers. Two key parameters define the quality of this conversion: sample rate and bit depth. The sample rate (measured in Hz or kHz) determines the highest frequency that can be captured — by the Nyquist theorem, the maximum frequency is half the sample rate. The bit depth determines the dynamic range and noise floor of the recording.

Professional recording typically uses 24-bit at 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz or 96 kHz. 24-bit provides approximately 144 dB of theoretical dynamic range, far exceeding the capabilities of any microphone or analogue electronics. Higher sample rates capture frequencies above 20 kHz, which some engineers prefer for the headroom they provide during processing.

Proper gain staging — setting levels correctly through each stage of the signal chain — is crucial for achieving the best signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining adequate headroom to avoid clipping.